These results appear to parallel changes seen within human aging, i.e., decreased levels of CSF Aβ and increased levels of FA in normal aged adults and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients.
Interestingly, the increase in FA levels was negatively correlated with Aβ 40 and Aβ 42 concentrations in aged rhesus monkeys but not in young and middle-aged monkeys. Results revealed significant declines in Aβ 40 and Aβ 42, and an increase in FA with age. Here, the CSF levels of Aβ 40, Aβ 42, and FA were measured in 56 rhesus monkeys of different ages, ranging from 4 to 26 years old. Additionally, whether changes in CSF FA are correlated with changes in amyloid-β (Aβ) concentrations have not yet been explored. However, changes in formaldehyde (FA) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rhesus monkeys with aging have not been reported. Rhesus monkeys also display similar hallmarks of aging and neurodegeneration as humans, including formation of senile plaques in the brain ( Beckman et al., 2019 Paspalas et al., 2018).
Rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta) are valuable experimental animals for studies on neurodegenerative diseases due to their evolutionarily close relationship to humans ( Zhang et al., 2014).
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